Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes

ZHANG Huihui; WANG Yanwu; GUO Qinglin; TANG Chun'an

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes

Cultural heritage conservation | 更新时间：2026-05-11

- Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes
- Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 56, Issue 2, Pages: 315-324(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.故宫博物院，北京　100009
  2.敦煌研究院　国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心，甘肃　敦煌　736200
  3.大连理工大学　土木工程学院，辽宁　大连　116024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009
  CLC： K854.3
- Received：26 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-15，
  
  Published：25 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Huihui, WANG Yanwu, GUO Qinglin, et al. Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 315-324.
DOI：

ZHANG Huihui, WANG Yanwu, GUO Qinglin, et al. Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 315-324. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009.

摘要

石窟围岩的颗粒与孔隙结构特征直接影响石窟结构的长期稳定性。以敦煌石窟砾岩为研究对象，选取榆林窟东崖酒泉组砾岩，开展颗粒分析、矿物学检测与CT扫描试验。研究发现：①砾岩由大粒径砾石主导骨架（

10 mm占73.6%），细颗粒呈分级填充特征，颗粒形态以球形最常见，不规则颗粒导致局部孔隙形态复杂；②CT结果表明砾岩孔隙率平均约5%，但沿

方向在0~41%之间剧烈波动，孔隙与喉道呈多尺度分布，中等尺度孔隙（约200 μm）和较短喉道（约40 μm）最为常见，孔喉比集中在2左右，体现出较好的连通性；③矿物构造表现为“硬砾石-弱胶结”状态，砾石以石英、长石为主，胶结物富含方解石和绿泥石，决定了其水敏性和易劣化特征。多尺度结构、孔隙网络与矿物相共同控制砾岩的渗透性与风化敏感性，为理解敦煌石窟围岩的耐久性及制定保护策略提供了科学依据。

Abstract

The grain and pore structures of grotto surrounding rock directly influence the long-term stability of the cave system. Using conglomerate from the Jiuquan Formation on the eastern cliff of the Yulin Grottoes as the research object

particle-size analysis

mineralogical testing

and CT scanning were conducted. The results show that: ①The conglomerate is dominated by a coarse-gravel framework (

10 mm accounting f

or 73.6%)

with fine particles filling the intergranular spaces in a graded manner. Spherical grains are most common

whereas irregular grains lead to locally complex pore geometries. ②CT results indicate an average porosity about 5%

but with strong fluctuations ranging from 0~41% along the

-axis. Pores and throats exhibit a multiscale distribution; medium-sized pores (about 200 μm) and short throats (about 40 μm) are the most frequent

with pore-throat ratios concentrated around 2

indicating relatively good connectivity. ③The rock mass manifests as a"hard gravel-weakly cemented"structure from a mineralogical perspective

gravels are mainly quartz and feldspar

while the cement is rich in calcite and chlorite

imparting water sensitivity and susceptibility to deterioration. The multiscale structure

pore network

and mineral phases jointly control the permeability and weathering sensitivity of the conglomerate. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the durability of Dunhuang Grottoes surrounding rock and for formulating appropriate conservation strategies.

关键词

Keywords

references

苏国庆 , 杨惠福 , 樊锦诗 . 甘肃石窟志 [M ] . 兰州 : 甘肃教育出版社 , 2011 : 5 - 15 .

赵晓星 . 莫高窟之外的敦煌石窟 [M ] . 兰州 : 甘肃人民美术出版社 , 2017 : 11 - 17 .

李最雄 . 丝绸之路古遗址保护 [J ] . 中国文化遗产 , 2004 ( 3 ): 118 - 122 .

LI Z X . Protection of ancient sites along the Silk Road [J ] . Chinese Cultural Heritage , 2004 ( 3 ): 118 - 122 .

王旭东 , 张明泉 , 张虎元 , 等 . 敦煌莫高窟洞窟围岩的工程特性 [J ] . 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2000 , 19 ( 6 ): 756 - 761 .

WANG X D , ZHANG M Q , ZHANG H Y . et al . Engineering characteristics of rock surrounding of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang [J ] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2000 , 19 ( 6 ): 756 - 761 .

李宝兴 . 论甘肃西部“洞窟地层”的特征与时代 [J ] . 甘肃地质 , 1987 ( 2 ): 61 - 77 .

LI B X . The features and ages of the"Grottoes strata" in west part of Gansu Province [J ] . Gansu Geology , 1987 ( 2 ): 61 - 77 .

王旭东 , 郭青林 , 李最雄 , 等 . 敦煌莫高窟洞窟围岩渗透特性研究 [J ] . 岩土力学 , 2010 , 31 ( 10 ): 3139 - 3144 .

WANG X D , GUO Q L , LI Z X . et al . Research on permeability of surrounding rock at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes [J ] . Geotechnical Mechanics , 2010 , 31 ( 10 ): 3139 - 3144 .

王彦武 , 王旭东 , 朱毓 , 等 . 甘肃瓜州榆林窟东崖体水分分布特征研究 [J ] . 兰州大学学报(自然科学版) , 2021 , 57 ( 2 ): 238 - 243 .

WANG Y W , WANG X D , ZHU Y . et al . The moisture characteristics of surrounding rocks in the eastern Cliff of the Yulin Grottoes, Guazhou, Gansu Province [J ] . Journal of Lanzhou University , 2021 , 57 ( 2 ): 238 - 243 .

ZHANG H H , GUO Q L , WANG Y W , et al . Crossscale analysis on the mechanical behavior of the conglomerate of Yulin Grottoes in China [J ] . International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences , 2024 , 178 : 105750 .

吕超 , 张迎宾 , 刘钢 , 等 . 冲积层砾石颗粒形态特征及其堆积特性 [J ] . 内蒙古工业大学学报(自然科学版) , 2021 , 40 ( 1 ): 40 - 48 .

LYU C , ZHANG Y B , LIU G , et al . Gravel particle morphology and accumulation characteristics of alluvial layer [J ] . Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology , 2021 , 40 ( 1 ): 40 - 48 .

单祥 , 徐洋 , 郭华军 , 等 . 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷北斜坡玛131井区块三叠系百口泉组储层敏感性评价 [J ] . 地质科技情报 , 2017 , 36 ( 1 ): 176 - 182 .

SHAN X , XU Y , GUO H J , et al . Reservoir sensitivity evaluation of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Ma131 block of Mabei Slope in Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin [J ] . Geological Science and Technology Information , 2017 , 36 ( 1 ): 176 - 182 .

张婧茹 , 闫伟 , 王剑波 , 等 . 砾石级配参数对砾岩力学性质和裂缝扩展规律的影响 [J ] . 石油科学通报 , 2024 , 9 ( 5 ): 798 - 807 .

ZHANG J R , YAN W , WANG J B , et al . The influence of gravel grading parameters on the mechanical properties and crack propagation of conglomerate [J ] . Petroleum Science Bulletin , 2024 , 9 ( 5 ): 798 - 807 .

熊健 , 唐勇 , 刘向君 , 等 . 应用微CT技术研究砂砾岩孔隙结构特征——以玛湖凹陷百口泉组储集层为例 [J ] . 新疆石油地质 , 2018 , 39 ( 2 ): 236 - 243 .

XIONG J , TANG Y , LIU X J , et al . Using micro-CT scanning technology to study characteristics of pore-Structures in sandy conglomerate: A case from Baikouquan Formationin Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin [J ] . Xinjiang Petroleum Geology , 2018 , 39 ( 2 ): 236 - 243 .

中华人民共和国水利部 . 水利水电工程岩石试验规程：SL/T 264—2020 [S ] . 北京 : 中国水利水电出版社 , 2020 .

中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 . 土工试验方法标准：GB/T 50123—2019 [S ] . 北京 : 中国计划出版社 , 2019 .

王节涛 , 裴来政 , 张宏鑫 , 等 . 大别山南麓阳逻组砾石层砾石形貌学研究 [J ] . 中国地质 , 2021 , 48 ( 1 ): 139 - 148 .

WANG J T , PEI L Z , ZHANG H X , et al . Morphology of gravels from the Yangluo Formation in the Southern Piedment of Dabie Mountains [J ] . Geological China , 2021 , 48 ( 1 ): 139 - 148 .

周剑 , 马刚 , 周伟 , 等 . 基于FDEM的岩石颗粒破碎后碎片形状的统计分析 [J ] . 浙江大学学报(工学版) , 2021 , 55 ( 2 ): 348 - 357 .

ZHOU J , MA G , ZHOU W , et al . Statistical analysis of fragment shape of rock grainafter crushing basedon FDEM [J ] . Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science) , 2021 , 55 ( 2 ): 348 - 357 .

张家发 , 叶加兵 , 陈劲松 , 等 . 碎石颗粒形状测量与评定的初步研究 [J ] . 岩土力学 , 2016 , 37 ( 2 ): 343 - 349 .

ZHANG J F , YE J B , CHEN J S , et al . A preliminary study of measurement and evaluation of breakstone grain shape [J ] . Rock and Soil Mechanics , 2016 , 37 ( 2 ): 343 - 349 .

杨永浩 , 魏作安 , 陈宇龙 , 等 . 基于图像处理技术的尾矿颗粒形态研究 [J ] . 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2017 , 36 ( S1 ): 3689 - 3695 .

YANG Y H , WEI Z A , CHEN Y L , et al . Study on the shapes of tailings particles based on microscopy and image processing technologies [J ] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2017 , 36 ( S1 ): 3689 - 3695 .

XUE Q , ZHANG L W , XU L , et al . Computed X-ray tomography investigation of porosity and permeability o f the Liujiagou Formation sandstone exposed to CO 2 -saturated brine [J ] . Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) , 2023 , 97 ( 3 ): 946 - 955 .

JIANG M L , ZHANG Y F , LIU Y . Analyzing the micro-pore characteristics of tight oil reservoirs through the implementation of mercury intrusion technique [J ] . Arabian Journal of Geosciences , 2021 , 14 ( 17 ): 1787 .

XU H J , FAN Y R , HU F L , et al . Characterization of pore throat size distribution in tight sandstones with nuclear magnetic resonance and high-pressure mercury intrusion [J ] . Energies , 2019 , 12 ( 8 ): 1528 .

ZHANG W K , SHI Z J , TIAN Y M . An improved method to characterize the pore-throat structures in tight sandstone reservoirs: Combined high-pressure and rate-controlled mercury injection techniques [J ] . Energy Exploration & Exploitation , 2020 , 38 ( 6 ): 2389 - 2412 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Comparative study on the performance of synthetic hydraulic lime under different curing conditions

The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area

Classification and characterization of low permeability sandstone reservoir based on complex pore structure analysis

Fractal study of micro-pore structure of tight sandstone reservoir

Pore structure characteristics and control factors of shale in the Da’anzhai formation centrale of Sichuan Basin

Related Author

LI Zhipeng

SUN Manli

ZHANG Shaoyun

SHEN Yunxia

ZHANG Zhongshan

ZHANG Xiaoyu

LIANG Chuxin

SHI Mengyu

Related Institution

The Service Center of Cultural Relics Conservation Technology, Dunhuang Academy

School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University

School of History and Culture, Northwest Minzu University

Central Asia "the Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, School of Culture Heritage, Northwest University

Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Company

⁰