Open Access Statement

In order to support the sharing and exchange of knowledge, Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) has been a fully Open Access journal since 2021. All articles published from 2021 onwards are made freely and permanently available online without subscription charges, embargo, or registration requirements. 

Articles published between 1974 and 2021 are available free to read on the journal's official website, where readers may download full-text PDFs. These articles are not covered by any open license; all rights are reserved, and copyright is held by the Editorial Office.

Permission Statement

All articles published in Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) from 2021 onwards are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Under this license, third parties are permitted to copy, redistribute, and share the articles in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the author(s) and the original source, and that no derivative works are created without prior permission. The full terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode

Copyright Statement

Authors retain the copyright of their work without restriction. Upon acceptance, authors grant Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and disseminate the article through print and electronic media, including information networks. Authors are free to share, archive (e.g., in institutional or subject repositories), and reuse their own work for any purpose, provided the original publication in this journal is acknowledged.