The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area

SHEN Yunxia; ZHANG Zhongshan; ZHANG Xiaoyu; LIANG Chuxin; SHI Mengyu; DENG Kai; SUN Manli

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-003

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The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area

Cultural heritage conservation | 更新时间：2026-05-11

- The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area
- Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 56, Issue 2, Pages: 241-251(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西北大学　中国中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室/文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室/文化遗产学院，陕西　西安　710127
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-003
  CLC： K878
- Received：17 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-25，
  
  Published：25 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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SHEN Yunxia, ZHANG Zhongshan, ZHANG Xiaoyu, et al. The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 241-251.
DOI：

SHEN Yunxia, ZHANG Zhongshan, ZHANG Xiaoyu, et al. The influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in arid area[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 241-251. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-003.

摘要

高频次小雨入渗-快速蒸发过程是西北干旱地区土遗址表面疏松层发育的关键驱动力。以降雨强度、降雨历时和降雨-蒸发循环次数为主要影响因素，开展降雨入渗侵蚀试验，系统分析侵蚀后土体的表观形态、颗粒组成以及微观结构特征。研究表明：降雨入渗后，土体颗粒间胶结作用减弱，颗粒随雨水向下迁移。颗粒迁移量与各降雨因素呈正相关关系，且迁移粒径呈现先粗后细的规律性变化，整体以粉粒（0.005~0.075 mm）迁移为主。同时，颗粒的迁移导致土体孔隙相对增大，形成大孔（>32 μm）为主的孔隙分布特征。颗粒迁移与孔隙结构变化共同促进了表面疏松层的发育。疏松层的下边界对应于湿润锋的位置，其深度与累积降雨循环次数相关性较弱，主要受降雨量影响，并随降雨量呈对数增长趋势。研究结果将为理解干旱区土遗址疏松层形成的复杂机理及制定有效的预防性保护策略提供科学依据与实践参考。

Abstract

High-frequency light rain infiltration-rapid evaporation process is the key driving force for the development of loose layer on the surface of earthen sites in the arid region of Northwest China. According to the simulation experiments

it has been observed that after rainfall infiltration

the cementation between soil particles deteriorated

and particles mainly composed of powder particles (0.005~0.075 mm) migrated downward. Simultaneously

particle migration induces an increase in soil pore volume

characterized by a dominance of macropores (>32 μm). These changes in particle migration and pore structure directly contribute to the formation of a loose layer. The thickness of this loose layer primarily depends on rainfall intensity rather than cumulative rainfall cycles. This study reveals the influence of rainfall infiltration on the formation of loose layers on the surface of earthen sites in arid areas

which is of great significance for the preventive conservation of earthen sites.

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references

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