Petrologic characteristics and genetic analysis of kaolinite claystone in coal-bearingstrata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong Area

LI Xiaotian; DONG Qianyun; FAN Qianqian; XIA Hui; ZHOU You; ZHANG Bo; ZHANG Wei; CAO Jiangjun; LIU Ping; MA Yao

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-05-016

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Petrologic characteristics and genetic analysis of kaolinite claystone in coal-bearingstrata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong Area

更新时间：2025-10-31

- Petrologic characteristics and genetic analysis of kaolinite claystone in coal-bearingstrata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong Area
- Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 55, Issue 5, Pages: 1138-1153(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国石油长庆油田分公司　勘探开发研究院，陕西　西安　710018
  2.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，陕西　西安　710018
  3.中国石油长庆油田分公司　气田开发事业部，陕西　西安　710018
  4.中国石油长庆油田勘事业部，陕西　西安　710018
  5.西安石油大学　地球科学与工程学院，陕西　西安　710065
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-05-016
  CLC： TE121
- Received：15 July 2024，
  
  Published：25 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
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LI Xiaotian, DONG Qianyun, FAN Qianqian, et al. Petrologic characteristics and genetic analysis of kaolinite claystone in coal-bearingstrata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong Area[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(5): 1138-1153.
DOI：

LI Xiaotian, DONG Qianyun, FAN Qianqian, et al. Petrologic characteristics and genetic analysis of kaolinite claystone in coal-bearingstrata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong Area[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(5): 1138-1153. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-05-016.

摘要

煤系地层中

的高岭石黏土岩为中国特色的煤系伴生矿产资源，成因类型多样，可提供地层学、年代学或构造地质学等地质意义。鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区山西组煤系地层中发育一套厚层状灰白色高岭石黏土岩，运用岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析（XRD）和主量元素分析，查明其矿物组成及岩石类型，探明其成因类型。结果表明，灰白色高岭石黏土岩主要成分为黏土矿物（质量分数平均74.96%），其次为石英（质量分数平均14.28%）和菱铁矿（质量分数平均10.46%）。所含黏土矿物以高岭石为主（质量分数平均76.2%），多为隐晶质集合体，石英多为微晶状，菱铁矿多呈团块状、鲕状、浸染状。其可进一步划分为3类：灰白色含菱铁矿高岭石黏土岩、灰白色菱铁矿质高岭石泥岩和灰白色高岭石黏土岩。灰白色高岭石黏土岩Hinckley指数（Hi）整体偏低（平均0.25），反映陆相搬运再沉积成因；（001）峰半高宽（FWHM）为0.269~0.567，计算结晶度为1.68~3.23，整体偏低，反映陆相搬运再沉积或火山物质蚀变型成因。主量元素显示，SiO

/Al

分子数比值为2.02，具有高SiO

、较高Al

、较高TFe

以及极低TiO

、K

O、MgO、CaO、Na

O的特征，反映并非火山灰蚀变成因，而主量元素含量分布也区别于风化残积型岩石特征。研究认为，灰白色高岭石黏土岩为风化搬运再沉积型成因，属于沉积成因类型。很高的化学蚀变指数指示其形成时物源区具有高化学风化强度和潮湿炎热的气候条件。灰白色高岭石黏土岩的发育反映了陇东地区物源区山西组沉积后期构造活动的存在以及潮湿炎热气候的转化，可作为小层对比划分的标志层，具有事件地层学的地质意义。菱铁矿的发育也为研究区发育弱还原环境的三角洲前缘-浅湖沉积提供证据。

Abstract

The kaolinite claystone in the coal-bearing strata is a characteristic coal associated mineral resource in China

with various types of genesis

which can provide geological significance such as stratigraphy

chronology or tectonic geology. A set of thick-bedded grayish-white kaolinite claystone is developed in the coalbearing strata of Shanxi Formation

Longdong area

Ordos Basin. The mineral composition and rock type were identified by core observation

thin section identification

scanning electron microscope analysis

X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and major element analysis. And the genetic type was preliminarily identified. The results show that the gray-white kaolinite claystone is mainly composed of clay minerals (74.96% on average)

followed by quartz (14.28% on average) and siderite (10.46% on average). The clay minerals contained are dominated by kaolinite (76.2% on average) which is mostly cryptocrystalline aggregates. Quartz is mostly microcrystalline. And siderite is mostly lumped

oolitic

and disseminated. It can be further divided into three categories: gray-white sideri

te-bearing kaolinite claystone

gray-white sideritic kaolinite claystone and gray-white kaolinite claystone. The Hinckley index (Hi) of the grayish-white kaolinite claystone is low (0.25 on average)

reflecting the genesis of redeposition after continental transport. The peak half height width (FWHM) of peak (001) is 0.269~0.567

and the calculated crystallinity ranges from 1.68 to 3.23

which is low overall

reflecting the the genesis of redeposition after continental transport or the genesis of redeposition after continental transport genesis of volcanic material alteration type. The ratio of major elements SiO

/Al

of is 2.02

which is characterized by high SiO

high Al

high TFe

and very low TiO

MgO

CaO

and Na

reflecting that it is not of volcanic ash alteration. The distribution of major elements contents is different from that of weathering residual sedimentary rocks. It is believed that the grayish white kaolinite claystone is formed by transport and redeposition after weathering

and belongs to the sedimentary genesis type. The high chemical alteration index (CIA) reflects the high intensity of chemical weathering and the tropical climate conditions in the sediment source areas of the rocks at the time of formation. The development of grayish white kaolinite claystone reflects the presence of tectonic activities in the late depositional stage of the Shanxi Formation and the transformation of the humid and hot climate in the source area of Longdong region

which can be used as a marker layer for the contrasting division of small layers and has geological significance of event stratigraphy. The development of siderite also provides evidence for the development of weakly reducing environment of delta front-shallow lake deposition in the study area.

关键词

Keywords

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