以深海耐盐菌 Bacillus megaterium LM-44作为微生物吸附剂，吸附偶氮染料亚甲基蓝（MB）。利用无机载体硅胶与有机载体大孔树脂对其进行固定化，通过单因素法优化吸附剂反应条件。游离菌株在最适反应条件（吸附剂浓度1.187 mg/mL、溶液pH＝9、温度25 ℃、150 r/min、震荡反应60 min）下，对100 mg/L MB溶液的去除率为70%，吸附容量为50 mg/g，对500 mg/L MB溶液的吸附容量为153 mg/g；硅胶固定化吸附剂的在最适反应条件（吸附剂浓度2 g/L、溶液pH＝9、温度25 ℃、150 r/min、震荡反应120 min）下，对100 mg/L MB溶液的去除率为98%，吸附容量为49 mg/g，对500 mg/L MB溶液的吸附容量为192 mg/g；大孔树脂固定化吸附剂在最适反应条件（吸附剂浓度8 g/L、溶液pH＝9、温度25 ℃、150 r/min、震荡反应180 min）下，对100 mg/L MB溶液的去除率为82%，吸附容量为10 mg/g，对500 mg/L MB溶液的吸附容量为32 mg/g。3种形式的吸附剂在不同无机盐条件下吸附作用较为稳定。 Bacillus megaterium LM-44比前期发现的脱色菌 Bacillus sp.LM-24具有更高的吸附容量，且对高浓度废水仍然具有较好的去除作用。利用Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温线模型与动力学函数对吸附过程进行研究，结果表明，3种吸附剂均与准一级动力学拟合度更高，游离菌株吸附作用与Freundlich模型拟合度更高，而固定化吸附剂与Langmuir拟合度更高。 Bacillus megaterium LM-44, a deep-sea salt-tolerant bacterium, was used as a microbial adsorbent for the adsorption of the azo dye methylene blue (MB). The inorganic carrier silica gel and organic carrier macroporous resin were used to immobilize it. The reaction conditions of the adsorbent were optimized by the single-factor method, and the optimum reaction conditions for the free strain were the adsorbent concentration of 1.187 mg/mL, the solution pH of 9, the temperature of 25 ℃, 150 r/min, and the removal rate of MB solution of 100 mg/L by shaking reaction for 60 min was 70%, and the adsorption capacity was 153 mg/g when the MB concentration increased to 500 mg/L. The optimum reaction conditions for silica gel immobilized adsorbent were 2 g/L adsorbent concentration, solution pH of 9, temperature 25 ℃, 150 r/min, shaking reaction for 120 min to remove 98% of 100 mg/L MB solution, adsorption capacity of 49 mg/g, adsorption capacity of 500 mg/L MB solution, adsorption capacity of 192 mg/g. The optimum reaction conditions for the immobilized adsorbent of macroporous resin were 8 g/L adsorbent concentration, solution pH of 9, temperature 25 ℃, 150r/min, and 180 min of shaking reaction with 82% removal rate and 10 mg/g adsorption capacity for 100 mg/L MB solution, and 32 mg/g adsorption capacity for 500 mg/L MB solution. Bacillus megaterium LM-44 had a higher adsorption capacity than the previously identified decolorizing bacterium Bacillus sp. LM-24 and still had a better removal of high concentration wastewater. The adsorption process was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models with kinetic functions, and the results showed that all three adsorbents fit better with quasi-level kinetics, and the adsorption of free strains fit better with Freundlich model, while immobilized adsorbents fit better with Langmuir. 深海芽孢杆菌 微生物吸附 亚甲基蓝 高吸附容量 deep-sea bacillus megaterium microbial adsorption methylene blue high adsorption capacity 参考文献 HARRY J L , KAMEI I . Characteristics of white-rot fungus phlebia brevispora TMIC33929 and its growth-promoting bacterium enterobacter sp.TN3W-14 in the decolorization of dye-contaminated water [J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology , 2019 , 189 : 1183 - 1194 . Characteristics of white-rot fungus phlebia brevispora TMIC33929 and its growth-promoting bacterium enterobacter sp.TN3W-14 in the decolorization of dye-contaminated water BENKHAYA S , MRABETS , HARFI A . Classifications, properties, recent synthesis and applications of azo dyes [J]. Heliyon , 2020 , 6 ( 1 ): 32 - 71 . Classifications, properties, recent synthesis and applications of azo dyes ABE F R , MACHADO A L , SOARES A , et al . Life history and behavior effects of synthetic and natural dyes on Daphnia magna [J]. Chemosphere , 2019 , 236 : 124390 . Life history and behavior effects of synthetic and natural dyes on Daphnia magna AJAZ M , SHAKEEL S , REHMAN A . Microbial use for azo dye degradation: A strategy for dye bioremediation [J]. International Journal of Microbiol , 2020 , 23 ( 2 ): 149 - 159 . Microbial use for azo dye degradation: A strategy for dye bioremediation DEWAN A , JANI J P , PATEL J S , et al . Benzidine and its acetylated metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to direct black 38 [J]. Archives of Environmental Health , 1988 , 43 ( 4 ): 269 - 272 . Benzidine and its acetylated metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to direct black 38 VARJANI S J , UPASANI V N . Critical review on biosurfactant analysis, purification and characterization using rhamnolipid as a model biosurfactant [J]. Bioresourcen Technology , 2017 , 232 : 389 - 39 . Critical review on biosurfactant analysis, purification and characterization using rhamnolipid as a model biosurfactant OON Y L , ONGS A , HO L N , et al . Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dyes degradation and energy recovery: Influence of molecular structure, kinetics, mechanisms and degradation pathways [J]. Science of the Total Environment , 2020 , 720 : 137 - 370 . Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dyes degradation and energy recovery: Influence of molecular structure, kinetics, mechanisms and degradation pathways DONG H , GUO T Y , ZHANG W X , et al . Biochemical characterization of a novel azoreductase from Streptomyces sp.: Application in eco-friendly decolorization of azo dye wastewater [J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , 2019 , 140 : 1037 - 1046 . Biochemical characterization of a novel azoreductase from Streptomyces sp.: Application in eco-friendly decolorization of azo dye wastewater LELLIS B , FÁVARO-POLONIO C Z , PAMPHILE J A , et al . Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms [J]. Biotechnology Research and Innovation , 2019 , 3 ( 2 ): 275 - 290 . Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms LU H , WANG X L , ZANG M M , et al . Degradation pathways and kinetics of anthraquinone compounds along with nitrate removal by a newly isolated Rhodococcuspyridinivorans GF 3 under aerobic conditions [J]. Bioresource Technology , 2019 , 285 : 121 - 336 . Degradation pathways and kinetics of anthraquinone compounds along with nitrate removal by a newly isolated Rhodococcuspyridinivorans GF3 under aerobic conditions CRINI G , LICHTFOUSE E . Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment [J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters , 2018 , 17 : 145 - 155 . Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment TOCHHAWNG L , MISHRA V K , PASSARI A K . et al . Endophytic fungi: Role in dye decolorization [M]// Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research . Cham : Springer , 2019 : 1 - 15 . Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research ROY D C , BISWAS S K , SAHA A K , et al . Biodegradation of crystal violet dye by bacteria isolated from textileindustry effluents [J]. Peer J , 2018 , 6 : e5015 . Biodegradation of crystal violet dye by bacteria isolated from textileindustry effluents LIU Y , SHAO Z Y , RENG X P , et al . Dye-decolorization of a newly isolated strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens W36 [J]. World Journal of Microbiology and Biote Chnology , 2021 , 8 ( 1 ): 37 - 48 . Dye-decolorization of a newly isolated strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens W36 苏会敏 . 微生物固定化处理亚甲基蓝废水实验研究 [D]. 大庆 : 东北石油大学 , 2021 . 微生物固定化处理亚甲基蓝废水实验研究 SUDIP K D , KOSHIK G , NIRJHAR B , at el . Removal of methylene blue (aq)using untreated and acid-treated eucalyptus leaves and GA-ANN modelling [J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2019 . 97 ( 11 ): 2883 - 2898 . Removal of methylene blue (aq)using untreated and acid-treated eucalyptus leaves and GA-ANN modelling NANDI B K , GOSWAMI A , PUKAIT M . Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by Kaolin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies [J]. Applied Clay Science , 2009 , 42 ( 3/4 ): 583 - 590 . Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by Kaolin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies HO Y S , MCKAY G . Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes [J]. Process Biochemistry , 1999 , 34 ( 5 ): 451 - 465 . Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes LANGMUIR I . The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 1918 , 40 ( 9 ): 1361 - 1403 . The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum FREUNDLICH H M F . Over the adsorption in solution [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1906 , 57 : 385 - 470 . Over the adsorption in solution SALLEH M A M , MAHMOUD D K , KARIM W A W A , et al . Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review [J]. Desalination , 2011 , 280 ( 1 ): 1 - 13 . Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review YAO C , WANG M H , LIU W J . Kinetics and thermodynamics characteristics of cationic yellow X-GL adsorption on attapulgite/rice hull-based activated carbon nanocomposites [J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy , 2012 , 32 ( 3 ): 655 - 662 . Kinetics and thermodynamics characteristics of cationic yellow X-GL adsorption on attapulgite/rice hull-based activated carbon nanocomposites ROYER B , CARDOSO N F , LIMA E C , et al . A useful organofunctionalized layered silicate for textile dye removal [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2010 , 181 ( 213 ): 366 - 374 . A useful organofunctionalized layered silicate for textile dye removal ARGUN M E , DURSUN S , KARATAS M , et al . Activation of pine cone using Fenton oxidation for Cd (II) and Pb (II) removal [J]. Bioresource Technology , 2008 , 99 ( 18 ): 8691 - 8698 . Activation of pine cone using Fenton oxidation for Cd (II) and Pb (II) removal Al-TOHAMY R , ALI S S , LI F H , et al . A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 2022 , 231 : 113160 . A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety SANTOS S C R , BOAVENTERA R . Adsorption of cationic and anionic azo dyes on sepiolite clay: Equilibrium and kinetic studies in batch mode [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering , 2016 , 4 ( 2 ): 1473 - 1483 . Adsorption of cationic and anionic azo dyes on sepiolite clay: Equilibrium and kinetic studies in batch mode ZHANG J V , ZHOU Q V , QU L L . Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution by chitosan/alumina composite [J]. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data , 2012 , 67 : 412 - 419 . Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution by chitosan/alumina composite CASTRO M , ABAD M L B , SUMALINOG D A G , et al . Adsorption of methylene blue dye and Cu(II) ions on EDTA-modified bentonite: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies [J]. Sustainable Environment Research , 2018 , 28 ( 5 ): 197 - 205 . Adsorption of methylene blue dye and Cu(II) ions on EDTA-modified bentonite: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies LAGIER J C , KHELAIFIA S , ALOU M T , et al . Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics [J]. Nature Microbiology , 2016 , 1 ( 12 ): 1 - 8 . Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics VARJANI S , RAKHOLIYA P , NG H Y , et al . Microbial degradation of dyes: An overview [J]. Bioresource Technology , 2020 , 314 : 123728 . Microbial degradation of dyes: An overview SARATALE R G , SARATALEA G D , CHANG J S , et al . Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review [J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers , 2011 , 42 ( 1 ): 138 - 157 . Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review 罗琦 , 杨庆 , 黄开龙 , 等 . 偶氮染料脱色菌的筛选、复配及脱色效能评估 [J]. 工业水处理 , 2021 , 41 ( 6 ): 111 - 118 . 偶氮染料脱色菌的筛选、复配及脱色效能评估 LUO Q , YAGN Q , HUANG K L , et al . Screening, compounding and evaluation of decolorization efficiency of azo dye decolorizing bacteria [J]. Industrial Water Treatment , 2021 , 41 ( 6 ): 111 - 118 . Screening, compounding and evaluation of decolorization efficiency of azo dye decolorizing bacteria ZHANG X D , YANG Y , SONG L , et al . Enhanced adsorption performance of gaseous toluene on defective UiO-66 metal organic framework: Equilibrium and kinetic studies [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2019 , 365 : 597 - 605 . Enhanced adsorption performance of gaseous toluene on defective UiO-66 metal organic framework: Equilibrium and kinetic studies