大城市老年人福祉空间分异及障碍因子分析：以西安市为例

雷敏; 朱丹丹; 徐婧; 徐玉伟; 郏文淇

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-04-005

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大城市老年人福祉空间分异及障碍因子分析：以西安市为例

人地系统科学 | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 大城市老年人福祉空间分异及障碍因子分析：以西安市为例
- Spatial differentiation and analysis of obstacle factors of elderly well-being in large cities: A case study of Xi'an City
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2026年56卷第4期页码：728-739
- 作者机构：
  
  西北大学　城市与环境学院，陕西　西安　710127
- 作者简介：
  
  雷敏，女，博士，副教授，从事福祉地理与区域可持续发展等研究，xdleimin@nwu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(42171197)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-04-005
  中图分类号： K901
- 收稿：2025-11-28，
  
  修回：2026-03-09，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-25
- 稿件说明：
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雷敏, 朱丹丹, 徐婧, 等. 大城市老年人福祉空间分异及障碍因子分析：以西安市为例[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(4):728-739.

Lei Min, Zhu Dandan, Xu Jing, et al. Spatial differentiation and analysis of obstacle factors of elderly well-being in large cities: A case study of Xi'an City[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(4): 728-739.
雷敏, 朱丹丹, 徐婧, 等. 大城市老年人福祉空间分异及障碍因子分析：以西安市为例[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(4):728-739. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-04-005.

Lei Min, Zhu Dandan, Xu Jing, et al. Spatial differentiation and analysis of obstacle factors of elderly well-being in large cities: A case study of Xi'an City[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(4): 728-739. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-04-005.

摘要

人口老龄化与新型城镇化压力下，提升老年人福祉水平已成为保障大城市可持续发展的有效举措。以西安市13个县区为研究单元，从物质、健康、精神、社会4个维度构建老年人福祉评价指标体系，结合AHP层次分析法和CRITIC权重法，对西安市13个县区的老年人福祉水平进行测度；利用障碍度模型厘清制约老年人福祉水平的主要障碍因素。结果表明：①各县区老年人综合福祉水平中，高陵区最高，灞桥区最低，4个维度从高至低为物质生活、精神生活、社会生活和健康生活；②福祉空间分布上，较高水平区分布在主城区及其南部县区和北部的高陵区、阎良区，较低水平区集中在东西两侧；③制约西安市老年人福祉的主要障碍因素有物质生活维度的生活用品来源和月总收入，健康生活维度的健康状况和医保报销满意度，精神生活维度的旅游活动参与频率，社会生活维度的配套公园等；④基于障碍因素的差异可将研究区各县区分为养老收入待提高区、医疗保障待优化区和公共设施待完善区。

Abstract

Under the pressures of population aging and new urbanization

enhancing the well-being of the elderly has become an effective measure to ensure the sustainable development of large cities. Using the 13 counties and districts of Xi'an as the research unit

an evaluation index system for elderly well-being was constructed across four dimensions

including material

health

spiritual

and social. Combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Criticality Weighting Method (CRITIC) to measure the well-being levels of the elderly across these 13 counties and districts. The obstacle degree model was employed to identify the key obstacle factors on the elderly well-being. The research results reveal 4 findings. ① Gaoling District exhibits the highest overall elderly welfare

while Baqiao District ranks lowest. The four dimensions rank from highest to lowest as material life

spiritual life

social life

and health life. ② The spatial distribution of well-being exhibits higher levels in the north and south

while lower levels were observed in the east and west. Areas with higher levels were concentrated in northern counties and southern counties of the main urban area

while lower levels were clustered in the eastern and western peripheries. ③ The main obstacle factors to the well-being of the elderly in Xi'an include the source of daily necessities and the total monthly income in the material life dimension

health status and satisfaction with medical insurance reimbursement in the healthy life dimension

the frequency of participation in tourism activities in the spiritual life dimension

and the availability of supporting parks in the social life dimension. ④ Based on differences in these obstacle factors

the counties and districts in the study area can be classified into areas where elderly income needs to be increased

areas where medical security needs to be optimized

and areas where public facilities need to be improved.

关键词

Keywords

references

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