敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征

张慧慧; 王彦武; 郭青林; 唐春安

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009

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敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征

文化遗产保护 | 更新时间：2026-05-11

- 敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征
- Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2026年56卷第2期页码：315-324
- 作者机构：
  
  1.故宫博物院，北京　100009
  2.敦煌研究院　国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心，甘肃　敦煌　736200
  3.大连理工大学　土木工程学院，辽宁　大连　116024
- 作者简介：
  
  张慧慧，女，博士，馆员，从事岩土质文物预防性保护研究，huihzhang@126.com。
  王彦武，男，博士，副研究馆员，从事石质和土遗址保护研究，wangyanwu@dha.ac.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(42502282);甘肃省科技创新人才计划(25JR6KA017);甘肃省科技计划项目(23ZDGF001)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009
  中图分类号： K854.3
- 收稿：2025-10-26，
  
  修回：2025-12-15，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-25
- 稿件说明：
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张慧慧, 王彦武, 郭青林, 等. 敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(2):315-324.

ZHANG Huihui, WANG Yanwu, GUO Qinglin, et al. Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 315-324.
张慧慧, 王彦武, 郭青林, 等. 敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(2):315-324. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009.

ZHANG Huihui, WANG Yanwu, GUO Qinglin, et al. Multi-scale grain structure and pore characteristics of conglomerate from the Dunhuang Grottoes[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(2): 315-324. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009.

摘要

石窟围岩的颗粒与孔隙结构特征直接影响石窟结构的长期稳定性。以敦煌石窟砾岩为研究对象，选取榆林窟东崖酒泉组砾岩，开展颗粒分析、矿物学检测与CT扫描试验。研究发现：①砾岩由大粒径砾石主导骨架（

10 mm占73.6%），细颗粒呈分级填充特征，颗粒形态以球形最常见，不规则颗粒导致局部孔隙形态复杂；②CT结果表明砾岩孔隙率平均约5%，但沿

方向在0~41%之间剧烈波动，孔隙与喉道呈多尺度分布，中等尺度孔隙（约200 μm）和较短喉道（约40 μm）最为常见，孔喉比集中在2左右，体现出较好的连通性；③矿物构造表现为“硬砾石-弱胶结”状态，砾石以石英、长石为主，胶结物富含方解石和绿泥石，决定了其水敏性和易劣化特征。多尺度结构、孔隙网络与矿物相共同控制砾岩的渗透性与风化敏感性，为理解敦煌石窟围岩的耐久性及制定保护策略提供了科学依据。

Abstract

The grain and pore structures of grotto surrounding rock directly influence the long-term stability of the cave system. Using conglomerate from the Jiuquan Formation on the eastern cliff of the Yulin Grottoes as the research object

particle-size analysis

mineralogical testing

and CT scanning were conducted. The results show that: ①The conglomerate is dominated by a coarse-gravel framework (

10 mm accounting f

or 73.6%)

with fine particles filling the intergranular spaces in a graded manner. Spherical grains are most common

whereas irregular grains lead to locally complex pore geometries. ②CT results indicate an average porosity about 5%

but with strong fluctuations ranging from 0~41% along the

-axis. Pores and throats exhibit a multiscale distribution; medium-sized pores (about 200 μm) and short throats (about 40 μm) are the most frequent

with pore-throat ratios concentrated around 2

indicating relatively good connectivity. ③The rock mass manifests as a"hard gravel-weakly cemented"structure from a mineralogical perspective

gravels are mainly quartz and feldspar

while the cement is rich in calcite and chlorite

imparting water sensitivity and susceptibility to deterioration. The multiscale structure

pore network

and mineral phases jointly control the permeability and weathering sensitivity of the conglomerate. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the durability of Dunhuang Grottoes surrounding rock and for formulating appropriate conservation strategies.

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references

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