琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填晚期限制型海底扇的沉积演变规律及主控因素

梁超; 解习农; 高远; 何云龙; 田冬梅; 李明军; 张辉

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-018

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琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填晚期限制型海底扇的沉积演变规律及主控因素

地球科学 | 更新时间：2026-02-24

- 琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填晚期限制型海底扇的沉积演变规律及主控因素
- Depositional evolution of the confined submarine fan within the Central Canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin and their main controlling factors
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2026年56卷第1期页码：202-214
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北大学　地质学系，陕西　西安　710069
  2.广州海洋地质调查局自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室，广东　广州　511458
  3.中国地质大学（武汉）海洋学院，湖北　武汉　430074
  4.浙江海洋大学　海洋科学与技术学院，浙江　舟山　316022
  5.中海石油（中国）有限公司湛江分公司，广东　湛江　524057
- 作者简介：
  
  梁超，男，副教授，从事沉积学与盆地动力学研究，lc1110@nwu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  自然资源部海底矿产重点实验室开放基金课题(KLMMR-2022-G03);国家自然科学基金(42202124);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2023A04J0936)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-018
  中图分类号： P618.13
- 收稿：2025-04-21，
  
  修回：2025-07-09，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-25
- 稿件说明：
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梁超, 解习农, 高远, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填晚期限制型海底扇的沉积演变规律及主控因素[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(1):202-214.

LIANG Chao, XIE Xinong, GAO Yuan, et al. Depositional evolution of the confined submarine fan within the Central Canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin and their main controlling factors[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(1): 202-214.
梁超, 解习农, 高远, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填晚期限制型海底扇的沉积演变规律及主控因素[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026,56(1):202-214. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-018.

LIANG Chao, XIE Xinong, GAO Yuan, et al. Depositional evolution of the confined submarine fan within the Central Canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin and their main controlling factors[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2026, 56(1): 202-214. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-018.

摘要

综合测井资料、高精度三维地震数据和数值模拟发现，琼东南盆地中央峡谷发育的限制型海底扇由两个伸长状扇体组成，被分布于其间的浊积水道连接。其受控于中央峡谷的多级台阶式深泓线斜坡地形，浊流在一级斜坡显著加速，沉积物主体表现为过路，而在一级台阶由于坡度骤降，浊流发生水跃并快速减速，部分流体溢出水道堆积，形成了扇体1，水跃所引起的沉积物快速堆积很可能是扇体1浊积砂岩分选较差的主要原因；随后，浊流在二级斜坡小规模加速，沉积物再次以过路为主，最终流动到二级台阶后缓慢减速堆积，形成了扇体2。在扇体1部位，晚期浊积水道向东南方向迁移的最大距离超过了5 km，并在扇体2堆积范围内向前延伸数十公里。研究认为，该水道的改道受控于早期沉积物的堆积所导致的平缓地形，而向下游的进一步延伸受控于海平面下降所导致的沉积物供给增强。因此，限制性地形特征和沉积物供给强弱的变化是控制限制型海底扇沉积演变的主要因素，需在以后的研究中加以重视。

Abstract

Based on the well data and high-resolution 3D seismic data

as well as numerical simulation

we find that the confined submarine fan within the Central Canyon consists of two fan bodies connected by the turbidite channels. Depositional evolution of turbidity flows forming the submarine fan was severely influenced by the paleotopography. Turbidity flows accelerated within the first slope and mainly bypassed. They decelerated abruptly when they flowed into the first step and hydraulic jump occurred. Therefore turbidity flows spilled out of the turbidite channel to form the fan body 1. The fast deposition of turbidity flows is probably responsible for the poor sorting of turbidite sandstones within the fan body 1. Noting that turbidity flows accelerated slightly in the second slope and mainly bypassed. Finally

they flowed into the second step and slowed down gradually to form the fan body 2. Within the fan body 1

the late turbidite channel migrated at least 5km southeastward resulting from the gentle topography. Additionally

the late turbidite channel extended forward for tens of kilometers compared to the early turbidite channel. This is attributed to the enhanced sediment supply resulting from the sea level falling. Overall

variations of the topography and sediment supply are the main controlling factors for the depositional evolution of the confined submarine fan. Future researches should pay more attention to these factors.

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references

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