我国文物赋存环境标准与管理方法

兰丽; 郭超; 刘一格; 蒙乃庆; 李存明

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-013

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我国文物赋存环境标准与管理方法

文物稳态微环境调控 | 更新时间：2025-04-21

- 我国文物赋存环境标准与管理方法
- Standards and management approach for the conservation environment of cultural heritage in China
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年55卷第2期页码：366-378
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学　设计学院，上海　 200240
  2.西藏自治区建筑勘察设计院，西藏　拉萨　 850000
- 作者简介：
  
  兰丽，女，博士，研究员，博士生导师，从事文物保护与室内环境研究，lanli2006@sjtu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52178081);西藏自治区中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(XZ202201YD0037C)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-013
  中图分类号： K883/887
- 收稿日期：2024-11-25，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-04-25
- 稿件说明：
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兰丽, 郭超, 刘一格, 等. 我国文物赋存环境标准与管理方法[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(2):366-378.

LAN Li, GUO Chao, LIU Yige, et al. Standards and management approach for the conservation environment of cultural heritage in China[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(2): 366-378.
兰丽, 郭超, 刘一格, 等. 我国文物赋存环境标准与管理方法[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(2):366-378. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-013.

LAN Li, GUO Chao, LIU Yige, et al. Standards and management approach for the conservation environment of cultural heritage in China[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(2): 366-378. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-013.

摘要

自然蜕变是文物基体遭受损坏的主要原因，采取预防性保护，为文物创造一个适宜、稳定的赋存环境，可以避免文物由于被侵蚀而遭受损害，将未来可能发生的损坏风险降到最低。温湿度、光照和空气污染物是引起文物衰退、劣化的最主要原因，这些环境因素会导致文物发生一系列物理和化学变化。对比我国文物赋存环境标准与国际上主要国家标准，结果发现，无紫外线、低照度、低浓度空气污染物、温湿度恒定且低温中低湿的清洁环境是国际上文物赋存环境的主要共识。我国《博物馆建筑设计规范》（JGJ 66—2015）中对不同材质文物保存的温湿度范围、光照强度、污染性气体和颗粒物浓度做出了详细的要求和建议，但是在文物赋存环境标准和实际管理上仍存在一些缺陷和问题，包括未明确文物保存所需的新风量，维持文物赋存环境耗能较大，混合材质文物保存、多材质文物混合保存的方法还没有统一的建议等。将来，可依据因地制宜的原则，分气候区制定文物保存环境标准，增加库房新风量推荐值，优化室内设计参数，调整空调系统能源结构，采取被动式建筑技术，健全文物保存环境评价体系等管理方法，进一步完善文物赋存环境要求。

Abstract

Natural degradation is the primary cause of damage to cultural relics. Implementing preventive conservation measures to create a suitable and stable environment for cultural relics can prevent damage caused by erosion and minimize the risk of potential future deterioration. Temperature

humidity

light exposure

and air pollutants are the primary factors leading to the deterioration and degradation of cultural relics. These environmental factors can induce physical and chemical changes in the relics. Upon comparing the conservation environment standards for cultural relics in China with those of several major international countries

it is evident that the international consensus on the preservation environment for cultural relics emphasizes a clean environment with no ultraviolet radiation

low light levels

low concentrations of air pollutants

and stable temperature and humidity at low to moderate levels. In the Chinese museum architectural design specification JGJ 66-2015

detailed requirements and recommendations are provided regarding the temperature and humidity ranges

light intensity

pollutant gas concentrations

and particulate matter levels for the preservation of cultural relics made from different materials. However

there are still some deficiencies and issues in both the standards for cultural relic preservation environments and their practical management. These primarily include the lack of clear guidelines on the required fresh air volume for relic preservation

the significant energy consumption required to maintain relic preservation environments

and the absence of unified recommendations for the preservation of mixed-material relics and relics composed of multiple materials. In the future

it is possible to establish cultural relic preservation environment standards based on the principle of adapting to local conditions by dividing regions according to climatic zones. This can include increasing recommended fresh air volumes in storage facilities

optimizing indoor design parameters

adjusting the energy structure of air conditioning systems

implementing passive building technologies

enhancing the assessment system for cultural relic preservation environments

and other management methods to further refine the requirements for cultural relic preservation environments.

关键词

Keywords

references

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