The composition of cement-based materials in modern historical buildings—The study case of Zhangyuan (Shanghai)

DU Qian; LI Yanhong; CAO Yongkang

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-016

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The composition of cement-based materials in modern historical buildings—The study case of Zhangyuan (Shanghai)

更新时间：2025-04-21

- The composition of cement-based materials in modern historical buildings—The study case of Zhangyuan (Shanghai)
- Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 55, Issue 2, Pages: 397-405(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学　设计学院，上海　 200240
  2.河南省文物考古研究院，河南　郑州　 450007
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-016
  CLC： TU-87
- Received：14 November 2024，
  
  Published：25 April 2025
- 稿件说明：
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DU Qian, LI Yanhong, CAO Yongkang. The composition of cement-based materials in modern historical buildings—The study case of Zhangyuan (Shanghai)[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(2): 397-405.
DOI：

DU Qian, LI Yanhong, CAO Yongkang. The composition of cement-based materials in modern historical buildings—The study case of Zhangyuan (Shanghai)[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(2): 397-405. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-02-016.

摘要

近现代历史建筑的原材料研究是文物保护领域一个较为新颖的主题，它和传统材料在研究方法上存在一定差异。该研究以水泥基材料为例，从文献考证和实验室分析2个维度展开，阐释其在近现代建筑中的使用类型以及材料组成。文献研究显示，我国在水泥的早期使用阶段，存在着水泥类别多、水泥材料配比变动大、外加剂使用普遍等情况。在实物分析上，以上海张园历史建筑群的水泥基材料为对象，对混凝土构件、砌筑砂浆、黄沙水泥抹面、水刷石等进行了岩相分析与XRD分析。结果显示，水泥砂浆骨料包含了钠长石、微斜长石、白云母等，对于不同类型的构件，细骨料种类上显现了一定的区分度；因水泥的碳化反应，砂浆的胶凝材料基本已经转变为碳酸钙，以方解石为主要物相，质量分数多集中在15%～25%，典型的水泥水化物只在部分特殊工艺的水泥材料中可被检测出；大颗粒、未完全反应的水泥熟料颗粒可以作为鉴别早期水泥基材料的特征。综合文献研究与实验室分析，可以推测在水泥的普及阶段，出于对工程经济的控制以及对材料认知的不足，水泥砂浆的含沙量及水灰比可能高于规范，外加剂使用较为普遍。因而，按照工程书籍中的配比并不一样可以获得与现状相符的原材料，而完全按照检测分析结果配置修复材料也并不一定可以获得预期的材料性能，这点值得近现代文物建筑保护工程者的重视。

Abstract

Research on the original materials of modern historical architecture is a relatively novel subject in the field of cultural heritage preservation. However

it differs in research methods from traditional materials. This study takes cement-based materials as an example and delves into two dimensions: literature review and laboratory analysis

elucidating their usage types and material characteristics in modern and contemporary architecture. The literature review demonstrates that in the early stages of cement use

there was a wide variety of types

significant variations in cement material proportions

and widespread use of additives. Regarding physical analysis

focusing on the cement-based materials of the historic Zhangyuan in Shanghai

analyses of concrete components

masonry mortar

cement plaster

and artificial stone were conducted using petrographic and XRD analyses. The results reveal that the mortar aggregates contain sodium feldspar

microcline

muscovite

among others. Different types of components exhibit a certain degree of differentiation in fine aggregate types. Due to the carbonation reaction of cement

the cementing materials in the mortar have essentially transformed into calcium carbonate

primarily as calcite

with mass fractions mostly ranging from 15% to 25%. Typical cement hydrates were only detectable in certain specialized cement materials. Combining literature research with laboratory analysis

it can be concluded that in the early use of cement

due to control over engineering economics and inadequate material understanding

the sand content and water-cement ratio of cement mortar were higher than the standards. Additives primarily consisted of lime

with the likelihood of later causing material deterioration. Large particles and incompletely reacted cement clinker particles can serve as distinguishing features of early cement-based materials. These findings might represent common phenomena in the materials of modern and contemporary historical architecture

urging practitioners in the field of cultural heritage preservation to emphasise.

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