基于1949—2018年陕西省人口、耕地和粮食产量等数据，以人粮关系为主线，构建耕地压力分析模型和土地资源承载力评价模型，从空间和时间两个维度系统研究近70年陕西省耕地结构特征、粮食生产变化以及对人口分布的协同变化，研究土地资源承载力时空演变格局。结果表明：近70年研究期内，① 耕地面积总体呈现减少趋势，耕地减少面积占1949年耕地面积的31.52%，在最近的20年耕地数量稳定在293.33×10 4 hm 2 水平，耕地压力波动逐渐平稳，粮作比逐渐减少，人均耕地面积0.078 hm 2 低于全国人均0.098 hm 2 的平均水平；② 土地资源承载力呈现3个波动周期，1949—1998年增长期，1999—2011年恢复期，2012—2018年稳定期；③ 从空间格局分析，西安、安康、商洛等市人粮关系超载程度随时间逐渐加剧，宝鸡和咸阳处于临界超载的紧平衡状态，榆林和渭南人粮关系向好发展。总体来说，陕西省土地资源承载力发展态势良好，土地资源承载能力总体呈现增长趋势，人口、农业生产水平和种植结构调整导致承载水平波动，但土地生产和承载能力并未削弱。 Based on the data of population, cultivated land and grain yield in Shaanxi Province from 1949 to 2018, taking the relationship between human and grain as the main line, this paper constructs the cultivated land pressure analysis model and the evaluation model of land resource carrying capacity, systematically studies the structural characteristics of cultivated land, the change of grain production and the coordinated change of population distribution in Shaanxi Province in recent 70 years from the two dimensions of space and time, and studies the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of land resource carrying capacity. The results showed that: ① during the research period of recent 70 years, the cultivated land area showed a decreasing trend, accounting for 31.52% of the cultivated land area in 1949. In the recent 20 years, the number of cultivated land was stable at the level of 293.33×10 4 hm 2, the fluctuation of cultivated land pressure was gradually stable, the grain crop ratio was gradually reduced, and the per capita cultivated land area was 0.078 hm 2, which was lower than the national average of 0.098 hm 2; ② The carrying capacity of land resources presents three fluctuation cycles: growth period from 1949 to 1998, recovery period from 1999 to 2011 and stable period from 2012 to 2018; ③ From the analysis of spatial pattern, the overload degree of human food relationship in Xi'an, Ankang, Shangluo and other cities gradually intensifies with time, Baoji and Xianyang are in a tight equilibrium state of critical overload, and the human food relationship in Yulin and Weinan is developing well. 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