无源RFID感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望

王举; 荆周钰; 于宁平; 牛晶娣; 常俪琼

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-06-001

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无源RFID感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望

青年编委专刊 | 更新时间：2026-01-02

- 无源RFID感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望
- A review of passive RFID sensing technology: The evolution from identity recognition to pervasive intelligence and prospects
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年55卷第6期页码：1181-1200
- 作者机构：
  
  西北大学　计算机学院〔软件学院〕，陕西　西安　710127
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王举，西北大学计算机学院（软件学院）教授，博士生导师，国家级高层次青年人才计划入选者。致力于物联网、人工智能、无线网络与系统研究，先后获得2017年中国计算机学会CCF优秀博士学位论文奖、2019年陕西省高等学校科学技术一等奖等奖励。曾任加拿大三星人工智能研究院高级研究员，博士后访学加拿大滑铁卢大学。研究成果发表在ACM MobiCom、IEEE INFOCOM、ACM UIST、ACM Ubicomp/IMWUT、ACM/IEEE ToN、IEEE TMC等CCF-A类旗舰会议及期刊上，授权国内技术发明专利25件、美国技术发明专利6件。主持和参与了多项国家级和加拿大国家研究委员会（NRC）的科研项目，并与华为诺亚方舟实验室、三星人工智能研究院等著名企业有深度合作。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62372372);陕西省创新团队项目(2024RSCXTD05)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-06-001
  中图分类号： TN99
- 收稿：2025-09-20，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
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王举, 荆周钰, 于宁平, 等. 无源RFID感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(6):1181-1200.

WANG Ju, JING Zhouyu, YU Ningping, et al. A review of passive RFID sensing technology: The evolution from identity recognition to pervasive intelligence and prospects[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 55(6): 1181-1200.
王举, 荆周钰, 于宁平, 等. 无源RFID感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(6):1181-1200. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-06-001.

WANG Ju, JING Zhouyu, YU Ningping, et al. A review of passive RFID sensing technology: The evolution from identity recognition to pervasive intelligence and prospects[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 55(6): 1181-1200. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-06-001.

摘要

普适感知是实现万物互联的关键使能技术，而传统传感方式受限于成本、功耗与部署复杂度，难以成为万物互联这一愿景的感知基石。无源射频识别（RFID）感知技术凭借其免电池、低成本、微型化及原生ID等独特优势，展现出从单一“身份标识”迈向“感知末梢”的巨大潜力，为实现普适感知提供了新技术范式。该文系统回顾无源RFID感知技术的演进历程，内容涵盖其在身份管理等基础应用到空间感知、行为识别、环境感知以及生命健康监测等前沿领域的相关研究，进一步讨论了RFID感知技术在性能、智能化集成及安全隐私等方面所面临的核心挑战，并展望其作为未来物联网关键使能技术的发展前景。

Abstract

Pervasive sensing is a key enabling technology for the Internet of everything. However

conventional sensing modalities

constrained by cost

power consumption

and deployment complexity

struggle to serve as the sensing cornerstone for this vision. Battery-free radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing technology

leveraging its unique advantages such as battery-free operation

low cost

miniaturization

and inherent ID capability

demonstrates significant potential in transitioning from a mere "identity identifier" to a versatile "sensing terminal"

thereby offering a new technological paradigm for pervasive sensing. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of this technology

covering its progression from fundamental applications like identity management to advanced frontiers including spatial perception

behavior recognition

environmental sensing

and health monitoring. Finally

the paper discusses the core challenges this technology faces in terms of performance

intelligent integration

and security & privacy

and outlines its future prospects as a key enabling technology for the internet of things.

关键词

Keywords

references

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