渭河流域河流潜流水交换和重金属污染对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响

宋进喜; 张超松; 程丹东; 张宇晨; 张昊瀛; 唐斌; 周胜胜; 陈军航

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-001

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渭河流域河流潜流水交换和重金属污染对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展 | 更新时间：2025-09-03

- 渭河流域河流潜流水交换和重金属污染对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响
- Effect of the hyporheic water exchange and heavy metal pollution on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Weihe River Basin
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年55卷第4期页码：679-691
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北大学　城市与环境学院，西安市黄河流域环境模拟及生态健康重点实验室，陕西　西安　710127
  2.西北大学　陕西省黄河研究院，陕西　西安　710127
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "宋进喜，博士，二级教授，博士生导师。西北大学城市与环境学院院长，陕西省黄河研究院执行院长，西北大学秦岭研究院常务副院长，《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》编委。国家高层次人才计划入选者，国家百千万人才工程入选者，国务院政府特殊津贴获得者，国家有突出贡献中青年专家。主要从事水文水资源、水生态及水环境研究。主持包括国家自然科学基金重点项目在内的国家和省部级科研课题20余项。发表学术论文180余篇，其中SCI论文150余篇。研究成果“基于河流健康的生态流量及其保障措施研究”荣获2012年陕西省科学技术一等奖（排名第一）；研究成果“河流潜流带生态-水文相互作用机理及水生态健康评价”荣获2022年陕西省自然科学奖一等奖（排名第一）。担任西安市黄河流域环境模拟及生态健康重点实验室主任，Journal of Environmental Management、《地理学报》《南水北调与水利科技》《人民黄河》等学术期刊编委，中国地理学会常务理事、中国地理学会黄河分委会副主任、中国地理学会水文地理专业委员会副主任、陕西省地理学会理事长、陕西省环境科学学会副理事长等学术职务。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(42230513;42471028)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-001
  中图分类号： X522
- 收稿日期：2025-02-21，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-08-25
- 稿件说明：
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宋进喜, 张超松, 程丹东, 等. 渭河流域河流潜流水交换和重金属污染对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(4):679-691.

SONG Jinxi, ZHANG Chaosong, CHENG Dandong, et al. Effect of the hyporheic water exchange and heavy metal pollution on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Weihe River Basin[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(4): 679-691.
宋进喜, 张超松, 程丹东, 等. 渭河流域河流潜流水交换和重金属污染对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(4):679-691. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-001.

SONG Jinxi, ZHANG Chaosong, CHENG Dandong, et al. Effect of the hyporheic water exchange and heavy metal pollution on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Weihe River Basin[J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(4): 679-691. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-001.

摘要

河流潜流水交换过程对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响，是当前河流生态水文研究的热点问题。作为黄河流域的重要一级支流，渭河流域的生态状况对整个黄河流域生态系统健康具有重要指示作用。研究聚焦于渭河流域，探讨潜流交换强度和不同重金属污染程度对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响。于2023年10月至11月在渭河、泾河和北洛河的12个采样点，采用垂直管水头下降法测定垂向渗透系数和潜流交换通量，同时测定沉积物中重金属含量和粒径分布及大型无脊椎动物信息。研究结果表明：①通过12个采样点，共采集到大型无脊椎动物277个，隶属3门、4纲、8目、15科、18属、20种，其中节肢类动物最多，软体动物次之。间摇蚊属的平均密度最高，而梨形环棱螺的生物量最高。基于生物学污染指数（BPI）分级标准，各监测点沉积物总体处于轻-中度污染水平；而依据科级生物指数（FPI）分级标准，各监测点沉积物总体处于清洁水平。②研究区的综合污染状况处于轻度至中度污染水平，其中As污染相对严重，重金属（Zn和Pb）与大型无脊椎动物的丰富度呈正相关；③垂向渗透系数（

）在0.23~3.50（m/d），不同河流差异明显，潜流交换以下降流为主，垂向渗透系数和潜流交换通量对大型无脊椎群落产生了显著影响。研究成果可为黄河流域水生态系统健康维护提供理论支持，并为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供科学依据。

Abstract

The impact of hyporheic exchange on the community structure of macroinvertebrates is a crucial topic in current river ecosystem health research. As a primary tributary of the Yellow River

the ecological status of the Weihe River Basin serves as a critical indicator of the overall health of the Yellow River ecosystem. In this study

we focus on the Weihe River Basin to explo

re the effects of hyporheic exchange intensity and different degrees of heavy metals pollution on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrate and sediment samples were collected from 12 sites along the mainstream Wei River

Jing River

and Beiluo River from October to November 2023. The falling-head permeameter test method was employed to measure the hydraulic conductivity and hyporheic exchange flux

while sediment heavy metal content

particle size distribution

and macroinvertebrate information were also determined. The research has 3 major findings: ①a total of 277 macroinvertebrates

belonging to 3 phylums

4 class

8 orders

15 families

18 genera and 20 species

were collected from the 12 sampling sites

among which arthropods were the most abundant

followed by mollusks. The highest average density was found in the

Tanytarsus

while the highest biomass was found in the

Bellamya purificata

. Based on the Biological Pollution Index (BPI) classification criteria

the sediments at each monitoring site are generally at light to moderate pollution levels

while based on the Family Biotic Index (FPI) classification criteria

the sediments at each monitoring site are generally at clean levels; ②the comprehensive pollution status of the study area was at a light to moderate pollution level

with relatively severe As pollution. Heavy metals (Zn

Pb) were positively correlated with the richness of macroinvertebrates; ③the vertical hydraulic conductivity (

) of the hyporheic zone varied between 0.23 and 3.50 (m/d)

showing significant differences in different rivers. Hyporheic water exchange is mainaly downwelling. The research findings provide theoretical support for understanding the maintenance of aquatic ecosystem health in the Yellow River Basin. They also offer a scientific basis for ecological protection and high-quality development in the region.

关键词

Keywords

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