文化遗产数字化保护与应用研究综述

耿国华; 高健; 汤汶; 张敏; 曾升; 高宏娟; 王小凤; 许阳; 张雨禾; 周明全

doi:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-001

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文化遗产数字化保护与应用研究综述

文化遗产数字化保护 | 更新时间：2025-02-08

- 文化遗产数字化保护与应用研究综述
- Review of research on digital protection and application of cultural heritage
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年55卷第1期页码：1-22
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北大学　文化遗产数字化国家地方联合工程研究中心，陕西　西安　 710127
  2.西北大学　信息科学与技术学院，陕西　西安　 710127
  3.伯恩茅斯大学　创新技术系，英国　普尔　 BH12 5BB
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "耿国华，西北大学二级教授，博士生导师，西北大学文化遗产数字化国家地方联合工程研究中心主任。国家教学名师，“万人计划”领军人才，国务院政府特殊津贴专家，全国优秀科技工作者，现任全国高等院校计算机基础教育研究会副会长，教育部大学计算机教学指导委员会委员，陕西省计算机教育学会理事长，获CCF杰出教育奖。长期从事智能信息处理与模式识别领域的创新性研究。主持“973”计划前期预研、国家自然科学基金重点及面上项目、国家科技支撑计划子课题、省部级重点项目等20余项。在文化遗产数字化保护、智能信息处理方面取得多项成果，出版专著5部、发表学术论文200余篇、发明专利51项。获国家科技进步奖、省部级科技奖18项，主持获国家教学成果奖4项。" ]
  周明全，男，教授，博士生导师，从事虚拟现实与可视化、智能信息处理研究，mqzhou@nwu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62271393);国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0906500);陕西省技术创新引导专项基金(2024QY-SZX-11)
- DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-001
  中图分类号： TP391.4
- 纸质出版日期：2025-02-25，
  
  收稿日期：2024-08-20，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
耿国华, 高健, 汤汶, 等. 文化遗产数字化保护与应用研究综述[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(1):1-22.

GENG GUOHUA, GAO JIAN, TANG WEN, et al. Review of research on digital protection and application of cultural heritage. [J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(1): 1-22.
耿国华, 高健, 汤汶, 等. 文化遗产数字化保护与应用研究综述[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025,55(1):1-22. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-001.

GENG GUOHUA, GAO JIAN, TANG WEN, et al. Review of research on digital protection and application of cultural heritage. [J]. Journal of northwest university (natural science edition), 2025, 55(1): 1-22. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-001.

摘要

中国拥有丰富多样的物质与非物质文化遗产，利用数字化技术进行文化遗产的建模、保护与展示，已成为文化遗产保护领域以及计算机图形学、计算机视觉等相关领域的研究热点。西北大学文化遗产数字化国家地方联合工程研究中心主要在三代文物采集建模设备、智慧博物馆建设、陶瓷器文物虚拟复原、古代人物面貌复原以及秦腔的智能媒体融合全息展演5个方面展开研究。然而，由于物质文化遗产与非物质文化遗产的本质不同，在建模方法、修复保护技术以及展示形式方面遇到诸多挑战：①现有文物数字化建模设备效率不高，且需要大量人工干预；②文物种类繁多、特征复杂、形态各异、语义丰富，需要开发适合中国文物的知识抽取和知识图谱构建方法，以实现高效的文物组织与展示；③对破损文物碎片的形状表示、描述方法以及自动重组的研究；④古代人物面貌的虚拟复原及性别和种族的识别；⑤全息展演技术面临高计算性能需求、艺术与技术融合的精准度、硬件兼容性、实时性、沉浸感和互动性等挑战。针对这5个方面的需求和挑战，首先，对近些年的相关领域的研究进行综述；然后，总结西北大学文化遗产数字化国家地方联合工程研究中心的系列成果；最后，对文化遗产数字化领域的未来研究方向进行展望。

Abstract

China boasts a rich and diverse array of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Today

the use of digital technologies for the modeling

preservation

and presentation of cultural heritage has become a research hotspot in the fields of cultural heritage conservation

as well as in related areas such as computer graphics and computer vision. The Cultural Heritage Digitization National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center at Northwest University conducts research in five key areas: 3D modeling equipment for cultural relics from the three dynasties

smart museum construction

virtual restoration of ceramic artifacts

the restoration of ancient human faces

and the intelligent media fusion for holographic performances of Qin Opera. However

due to the fundamental differences between tangible and intangible cultural heritage

many challenges arise in areas such as modeling methods

restoration and preservation technologies

and presentation forms. These specific challenges include: ① Existing digital modeling equipment for cultural relics is inefficient and requires significant human intervention. ② The wide variety of cultural relics

with their complex features

diverse shapes

and rich semantics

necessitates the development of knowledge extraction and knowledge graph construction methods tailored to Chinese cultural relics for efficient organization and presentation. ③ Research on the shape representation

description methods

and automatic recombination of damaged relic fragments. ④ Virtual restoration of ancient human faces

including gender and racial recognition. ⑤ Holographic performance technology faces challenges such as high computational power demands

the accuracy of the fusion of art and technology

hardware compatibility

real-time processing

immersion

and interactivity

while also needing to address cultural differences and audience acceptance issues. In response to these needs and technical challenges

this paper first reviews the relevant literature from recent years

then summarizes a series of achievements by the Cultural Heritage Digitization National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center at Northwest University

and finally discusses future research directions in the field of cultural heritage digitization.

关键词

文化遗产数字化智慧博物馆文物虚拟复原知识图谱全息展演技术

Keywords

cultural heritage digitizationsmart museumsartifact virtual restorationknowledge graphsholographic performance technology

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