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1.中国矿业大学(北京)内蒙古研究院,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017000
2.中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京 100083
3.中国矿业大学(北京)厚煤层绿色智能开采教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083
4.煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,北京 102209
收稿:2026-01-09,
修回:2026-00-10,
网络首发:2026-07-10,
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张村, 陈彦宏, 任赵鹏, 等. 厚硬岩层影响下高强度开采覆岩裂隙分形与空隙率演化特征[J/OL]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026,1-15.
ZHANG Cun, CHEN Yanhong, REN Zhaopeng, et al. The fractal and porosity evolution characteristics of overlying rock fractures in high-intensity mining under the influence of thick and hard rock layers[J/OL]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 1-15.
张村, 陈彦宏, 任赵鹏, 等. 厚硬岩层影响下高强度开采覆岩裂隙分形与空隙率演化特征[J/OL]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026,1-15. DOI:
ZHANG Cun, CHEN Yanhong, REN Zhaopeng, et al. The fractal and porosity evolution characteristics of overlying rock fractures in high-intensity mining under the influence of thick and hard rock layers[J/OL]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 1-15. DOI:
在煤层高强度开采扰动下,上覆岩层发生移动变化,形成复杂的采动裂隙网络,并极易贯通松散含水层并逐渐延伸至地表,造成矿区生态环境的破坏,严重威胁工作面安全生产。基于此,本文以上湾煤矿为研究背景,采用物理模拟、分形理论等方法分析了覆岩采动裂隙时空演化特征,同时基于分形图像特征识别了工作面推进过程中覆岩空隙,揭示了采动覆岩空隙率空间分布和演化规律,提出了基于覆岩裂隙空间演化的采中“近场垮落带与远场高位离层空隙”协同注浆减损、采后残余空间维稳注浆减损设计,并给出合理的注浆空间和注浆时机参数。结果表明:由于厚硬岩层与厚软岩层缓冲层的协同导控作用,覆岩离层空间开度与分形维数呈现协同演化特征;随着工作面的推进,覆岩裂隙分形维数呈现台阶形波动降维趋势,覆岩空隙率呈现非线性减小。当工作面达到完全充分采动后覆岩裂隙场呈现非对称空隙形态,空隙率为2.37%。覆岩裂隙网络在空间上随采动损伤传导自下而上、由表及里扩展演化,分形维数分布呈现规律性波动降维,其扩展空间由拱形扩展为梯形纵深发展。研究结果可为神东矿区同类型矿井减损开采提供科学借鉴。
Under high-intensity coal mining disturbance, the overlying strata undergo movement and deformation, forming a complex network of mining-induced fractures. These fractures can easily penetrate loose aquifers and gradually extend to the surface, leading to ecological damage in mining areas and posing serious threats to safe production in the working face. Based on this, taking Shangwan Coal Mine as the research background, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of mining-induced fractures in overlying strata using methods such as physical simulation and fractal theory. Meanwhile, based on fractal image features, voids in overlying strata during the advance of the working face are identified, revealing the spatial distribution and evolution patterns of mining-induced void ratios in overlying strata. A design for coordinated grouting for damage reduction is proposed, targeting "near-field caved zone and far-field high-level separation voids" during mining, along with post-mining grouting for stabilizing residual voids to mitigate damage. Reasonable grouting spaces and timing parameters are provided. The results show that due to the synergistic guiding and controlling effects of thick hard rock layers and thick soft rock buffer layers, the height of separation spaces and the fractal dimension in overlying strata exhibit coordinated evolution characteristics. As the working face advances, the fractal dimension of overlying fractures shows a step-like fluctuating downward trend, while the void ratio decreases nonlinearly. After the working face reaches full and sufficient mining, the overlying fracture field presents an asymmetric void morphology, with a void ratio of 2.37%. The fracture network in overlying strata expands and evolves spatially, propagating from bottom to top and from surface to interior with mining-induced damage conduction. The distribution of fractal dimensions shows a regular fluctuating downward trend, and its expansion space develops from an arch shape to a trapezoidal depth. The research findings provide scientific reference for damage-reducing mining in similar mines in the Shendong mining area.
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